Jakarta, Saat
ini ada berbagai macam susu yang ditawarkan di masyarakat, mulai dari
susu murni hingga yang berbentuk bubuk. Apa urutan susu yang terbaik
dan bagaimana cara memilih susu yang benar agar manfaatnya besar?
"ASI
berada diurutan pertama, selanjutnya pilihan susu tergantung pada
kesiapan pencernaan anak," ujar ahli nutrisi Emilia E Achmadi, MS, RD
dalam acara Rayakan World School Milk Day untuk Perbaikan Gizi Anak di
SDN01 Menteng, Jakarta, Rabu (26/9/2012).
Emilia menuturkan klasifikasi susu yang baik adalah:
1. ASI alias air susu ibu yang merupakan minuman terbaik untuk bayi.
2. Susu murni pasteurisasi, karena
proses pasteurisasi yang sangat cepat membuat zat gizi yang rusak
lebih sedikit atau minimum, serta komposisinya sangat dekat dengan
susu yang diproduksi oleh sapi.
3. Jika memang susu pasteurisasi tidak ada maka pilihlah susu UHT (Ultra
High Temperature), susu UHT ini tidak memiliki pengawet tapi ia mampu
bertahan di suhu ruang. Namun kedua susu ini disarankan untuk anak
usia di atas 5 tahun.
Emilia menjelaskan untuk anak di bawah
usia 1 tahun tidak disarankan minum susu murni, karena ada perbedaan
bentuk protein di ASI dengan protein dalam susu murni. Hal ini karena
kesiapan pencernaan anak tidaklah sama.
"Cobalah
sedikit-sedikit, kalau reaksinya nggak baik seperti perut kembung,
pup-nya cair, ini tanda pencernaan anak nggak siap untuk konsumsi susu
pasteurisasi. Tapi kalau anak kelihatan baik-baik saja maka
pencernaanya baik dan bisa dilanjutkan. Jadi harus secara individu
perhatikan reaksi anak," ungkapnya.
4. Urutan selanjutnya ditempati oleh susu bubuk
Hal
ini karena adanya fortifikasi yang perlu dilakukan untuk melengkapi
kandungan nutrisi yang hilang akibat proses pengeringan. Susu bubuk
ini sebaiknya hanya dikonsumsi apabila susu segar tidak dapat
ditemukan.
5. Susu kental manis
Walaupun
sebenarnya ini tidaklah masuk ke dalam kategori susu karena ia
memiliki kandungan lemak dan juga gula yang tinggi, namun rendah
protein dan kalsium.
"Mending nggak usah minum susu daripada
harus minum susu kental manis dan lebih baik ganti dengan sumber
protein lain seperti dari tahu dan juga tempe. Untuk susu bubuk yang
diencerkan itu nggak oke, tapi lebih baik daripada tidak minum susu sama
sekali," ujar Emilia yang mendapat gelar bachelor of science clinical
dietetics dari Oklahoma State University, AS.
Sementara itu
untuk orang dewasa yang takut mengonsumsi susu karena khawatir berat
badannya terus bertambah, maka susu rendah lemak menjadi produk
pilihan yang paling tepat, sehingga tidak perlu menghindari susu.
Designing and Building the Eiffel Tower
In 1889, Paris hosted an Exposition Universelle (World’s Fair) to mark the 100-year anniversary of the French Revolution.
More than 100 artists submitted competing plans for a monument to be
built on the Champ-de-Mars, located in central Paris, and serve as the
exposition’s entrance. The commission was granted to Eiffel et
Compagnie, a consulting and construction firm owned by the acclaimed
bridge builder, architect and metals expert Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel.
While Eiffel himself often receives full credit for the monument that
bears his name, it was one of his employees—a structural engineer named
Maurice Koechlin—who came up with and fine-tuned the concept. Several
years earlier, the pair had collaborated on the Statue of Liberty’s
metal armature.
Eiffel reportedly rejected Koechlin’s original plan for the tower, instructing him to add more ornate flourishes. The final design called for more than 18,000 pieces of puddle iron, a type of wrought iron used in construction, and 2.5 million rivets. Several hundred workers spent two years assembling the framework of the iconic lattice tower, which at its inauguration in March 1889 stood nearly 10,000 feet high and was the tallest structure in the world—a distinction it held until the completion of New York City’s Chrysler Building in 1930. (In 1957, an antenna was added that increased the structure’s height by 65 feet, making it taller than the Chrysler Building but not the Empire State Building, which had surpassed its neighbor in 1931.) Initially, only the Eiffel Tower’s second-floor platform was open to the public; later, all three levels, two of which now feature restaurants, would be reachable by stairway or one of eight elevators.
Millions of visitors during and after the World’s Fair marveled at Paris’ newly erected architectural wonder. Not all of the city’s inhabitants were as enthusiastic, however: Many Parisians either feared it was structurally unsound or considered it an eyesore. The novelist Guy de Maupassant, for example, allegedly hated the tower so much that he often ate lunch in the restaurant at its base, the only vantage point from which he could completely avoid glimpsing its looming silhouette.
The Eiffel Tower Becomes a Permanent Feature of the Paris Skyline
Eiffel reportedly rejected Koechlin’s original plan for the tower, instructing him to add more ornate flourishes. The final design called for more than 18,000 pieces of puddle iron, a type of wrought iron used in construction, and 2.5 million rivets. Several hundred workers spent two years assembling the framework of the iconic lattice tower, which at its inauguration in March 1889 stood nearly 10,000 feet high and was the tallest structure in the world—a distinction it held until the completion of New York City’s Chrysler Building in 1930. (In 1957, an antenna was added that increased the structure’s height by 65 feet, making it taller than the Chrysler Building but not the Empire State Building, which had surpassed its neighbor in 1931.) Initially, only the Eiffel Tower’s second-floor platform was open to the public; later, all three levels, two of which now feature restaurants, would be reachable by stairway or one of eight elevators.
Millions of visitors during and after the World’s Fair marveled at Paris’ newly erected architectural wonder. Not all of the city’s inhabitants were as enthusiastic, however: Many Parisians either feared it was structurally unsound or considered it an eyesore. The novelist Guy de Maupassant, for example, allegedly hated the tower so much that he often ate lunch in the restaurant at its base, the only vantage point from which he could completely avoid glimpsing its looming silhouette.
The Eiffel Tower Becomes a Permanent Feature of the Paris Skyline
Originally intended as a temporary exhibit, the Eiffel Tower was
almost torn down and scrapped in 1909. City officials opted to save it
after recognizing its value as a radiotelegraph station. Several years
later, during World War I,
the Eiffel Tower intercepted enemy radio communications, relayed
zeppelin alerts and was used to dispatch emergency troop reinforcements.
It escaped destruction a second time during World War II:
Hitler initially ordered the demolition of the city’s most cherished
symbol, but the command was never carried out. Also during the German
occupation of Paris, French resistance fighters famously cut the Eiffel
Tower’s elevator cables so that the Nazis had to climb the stairs.
Over the years, the Eiffel Tower has been the site of numerous high-profile stunts, ceremonial events and even scientific experiments. In 1911, for instance, the German physicist Theodor Wulf used an electrometer to detect higher levels of radiation at its top than at its base, observing the effects of what are now called cosmic rays. The Eiffel Tower has also inspired more than 30 replicas and similar structures in various cities around the world.
Now one of the most recognizable structures on the planet, the Eiffel Tower underwent a major facelift in 1986 and is repainted every seven years. It welcomes more visitors than any other paid monument in the world—an estimated 7 million people per year. Some 500 employees are responsible for its daily operations, working in its restaurants, manning its elevators, ensuring its security and directing the eager crowds flocking the tower’s platforms to enjoy panoramic views of the City of Lights.
SOURCE
Over the years, the Eiffel Tower has been the site of numerous high-profile stunts, ceremonial events and even scientific experiments. In 1911, for instance, the German physicist Theodor Wulf used an electrometer to detect higher levels of radiation at its top than at its base, observing the effects of what are now called cosmic rays. The Eiffel Tower has also inspired more than 30 replicas and similar structures in various cities around the world.
Now one of the most recognizable structures on the planet, the Eiffel Tower underwent a major facelift in 1986 and is repainted every seven years. It welcomes more visitors than any other paid monument in the world—an estimated 7 million people per year. Some 500 employees are responsible for its daily operations, working in its restaurants, manning its elevators, ensuring its security and directing the eager crowds flocking the tower’s platforms to enjoy panoramic views of the City of Lights.
SOURCE